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Information literacy Green UAS (ENG): 3 : Information sources

Learn how to search, select and evaluate information quickly and systematically

3 : Information sources

You can find information in many different ways, including search engines like Google and the (digital) sources available at the libraries.

More and more information can be found on the internet, but it tends to be rather dispersed, and it is not always easy to determine its quality. Often you cannot access the information because it's only available in a database, or you have to log in to access the content.

Were you aware that:

  • Google indexes less than half the entire internet?
  • The search results for a general search engine are not checked for quality and reliability?
  • Non-substantive arguments (based on commercial, statistical and nationalistic motives) determine the ranking of the search results?
  • Not all (scientific) information is available online?

Therefore the use of similarly popular search engines is problematic when you need to search for general and scientific information. As you can see in the adjacent image, this is the "surface web", or the Internet which we all have access to, though it is but a small tip, in this case literally, of the iceberg.

To find all the information sources relevant for your subject, it is better to use the information sources that have been selected by the library staff. They have been selected for their quality and currency and they offer structured information. This module goes into further detail about the following sources:

  • Greeni Global Search & catalogue
  • Databases
  • Search engines, e.g. Google
  • WUR Library

The "surface web" is merely the tip of the iceberg

3.1 : Important information sources

Greeni - library for the green uas is a joint catalogue maintained by the libraries of Aeres University of Applied Sciences, HAS green academy and Van Hall Laresntein University of Applied Sciences.

Greeni Global Search is the search engine of Greeni. On a Google-like way you search more than one file at a time.

In addition to a catalogue with menu functions such as renewal and reservation, you will find especially for you selected internet resources, databases and electronic journals. Also you can find all about information literacy, copyrights and more.

Note: When you are at home or elsewhere outside the premises of your institution, you still have access to e-journals, databases and e-books. There are several ways to get remote access. An explanation of how this works can be found on Greeni - Support - Remote access.

Click on the next tab for more information about Greeni Global Search.

Greeni Global Search is Greeni's search engine. One search in a Google-like way searches multiple files at once:

  • The entire Greeni collection (books, journal titles, etc.) which also can be found in the catalogue;
  • The entire contents of the databases marked with a blue G in the alphabetical list;
  • Selected open access resources that are freely available on the internet.

You use Greeni Global Search for an exploratory search for (scientific) information. Refining a search result is possible in a simple and fast way.

However, Greeni Global Search does not have the same specific search options as some specialized databases. Also, not all databases are covered by Greeni Global Search for different reasons. So if you have a specific question, you can miss information if you limit yourself to Greeni Global Search. In that case we recommend you to search the databases themselves. An overview can be found in the menu bar of Greeni under Information sources-databases.

Search box Greeni Global Search on home page

Simple search on topic

  • Type one or more keywords in the search box.
  • If you are searching with Dutch terms, you'll get publications only in Dutch.
    Search with English terms for an international result and more likely to scientific publications.

Click on the orange circles below for more information on the relevant section

 

Tips and Tricks

  • Refine your search by using the options in the left column e.g. Full text online, Content type, Language or Discipline. You can also select multiple filters.
  • If you want to search for a specific period, you can indicate it at the option Publication date.
  • Save a result clicking on the icon right of a title.
    Don't forget to email or print the saved items folder right at the top of the screen before you quit Greeni Global Search!
  • You can choose to display saved items from various formats of literature references, for example APA (see module 5).
  • Boolean operators help narrow or broaden a search by using them between search terms (see module 2). The default operator is AND. Other options: ORNOT+-
  • If you want to find the exact phrase you will have to put double quotes around it: “population analysis”.
  • Instead of typing all relevant search terms in a search box, you can save time by using wild cards. Wild cards can be used for words with the same root or for words that differ by one letter (see module 2). The question mark (?) replaces zero or one character: organi?ational finds organizational en organisational. The asterisk (*) replaces more characters within a word or at the end of a word: ch*ter finds charter, character, chapter etc. Wildcards cannot be used as the first character of a search.
  • You can explicitly search a field using the syntax: “field:(query)”. For example, the search ISSN:(1234-5678) finds records that contain that value in the ISSN field.
    Searchable fields: Title, SubjectTerms, Author, Publisher, Publication Title, Volume, Issue, Language, Notes, ISBN, ISSN en DOI.
  • Broaden your search using "Add results beyond the Greeni collection".
    Use this function to search further when you find very little. These publications are not available in the Greeni collections.

Advanced search

  • Use the Advanced Search option to search commonly-used fields e.g. author, title, ISBN, combine search terms using Boolean operators.
  • Use the filter options to refine your search.

Click on the orange circles below for more information on the relevant section

 

Open Greeni Global Search

Greeni Global Search can be reached at www.greeni.nl (search box on the home page) or directly at: http://greeni.summon.serialssolutions.com/.

Click on the next tab for more information about the Greeni catalogue.

The catalogue in Greeni is a joint catalogue maintained by the libraries of:

  • Aeres University of Applied Sciences;
  • HAS green academy;
  • Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences.

The catalogue has book and periodical titles, both print and online, DVDs, streaming videos and other materials. It is not possible to search on titles of articles or chapters Every student has free access to the materials in this catalogue, which is accessible online: www.greeni.nl.

Searching the catalogue

On the start page of Greeni, you will find a search box for searching the catalogue:

Type one or more search terms into the search bar and then click on 'Search' to execute the search task. Two or more search terms are usually combined with the operator AND.

Note: Do not use words that have no real meaning, such as articles, prepositions, adverbs and conjunctions. Examples include: the, a, of, in, if, then.

The search results

The search results will be shown on the following screen:

If you have entered in a search, you will receive a list of hits. In the list, you will see the cover of the material, abbreviated title information and types of material. This list enables you to quickly scroll through to see whether there are any titles that you would like to have a closer look at.

Using the restrictions found in the left-hand column, you can refine your search by document type, medium, location, keyword, year, language, (corporathe) author, modules, organisation, institute, professorship and publisher.

Clicking on a title will provide you with a full description:

The shelf location is displayed at the bottom of the screen and indicates which library has the material and on which shelf the material is stored.
For example: VHL Leeuwarden 67 7 = reference number 7 under the subject 67 in the collection of Van Hall Larenstein location Leeuwarden.

At 'Item details' you can see whether the publication has been borrowed, and if so, how long it will be checked out. Digital materials (e-books, streaming video) do not have shelf locations, but you will find a link to the material in the title information.

If present, 'Relations' (on the right-hand side of the screen) may contain a reference to a translation, older or newer print, the series to which it belongs or other/accompanying materials.

My Greeni

The catalogue system allows you to save selected titles, view your personal information, make reservations and renew the lending period.

Assignment: Go to Greeni and click on 'Login My Greeni' at the top right corner of the screen. Here, you can sign in with your academic institution credentials via the SURFconext Single Sign-On (SSO) option, or with your borrower number and password.

The borrower number is the same as your student number. At HAS green academy and Van Hall Larenstein, you will find your borrower number on your digital student card in the Osiris app (at Van Hall Larenstein called SIS College card). Staff can request their borrower number from the library.

If you do not yet have a password, or you have forgotten it, click on the 'I forgot my password' button:


My Greeni provides the following options:

  • Borrowing and Renewing. These options allow you to see which materials you have borrowed and whether they are overdue and to renew them;
  • Making reservations provides you with an overview of the publications you have reserved. If desired, you can specify whether you want to cancel the reservation for each title. You can also see whether one of your reservations is already available;
  • Reading lists. This option allows you to compile reading lists of the titles that you have selected and saved;
  • Personal data. Here you can find an overview of your personal information as it is recorded in the library administration. You can update or change this information. For example, your password for logging in to My Greeni.
Note: To prevent others from accessing your personal information, do not forget to click on Log out when you are finished with your search, renewals, reservations and so on.

Making reservations and renewing

The Greeni catalogue allows you to reserve materials you are interested in but happen to be lent out. Under the title information, click on the button 'Making reservations'. This will bring you to the login screen of My Greeni where you can sign in with the Single Sign-On (SSO) option, or with your borrower number and password. On the following screen, click on 'Making reservations'. The publication is now reserved for you. You will receive an e-mail confirming this. As soon as the publication becomes available, you will receive an e-mail informing you that your material is ready. You can use this same procedure to reserve materials held at other Greeni locations.

You can keep the borrowed materials for an even longer time by renewing the lending period. Via My Greeni, you can see which materials you have borrowed and will have the option of renewing them. If a publication has already been reserved, you will not be able to renew the lending period. The original due date will remain unchanged.

If you would like to know more about all you can do with Greeni, visit the FAQs or inquire at the library of your own Greeni location.

Click on the next tab for more information about databases.

A database  is an organized and extendable collection of dates. The most distinguishing is that the data and presentation of the data are dynamically accessible.

A database can contain a wide range of information: usually articles from digital journals (e-journals), often entire e-books or portions thereof, visual materials, factual data and descriptions of literature.

For the most part, the information contained in these databases is inaccessible or difficult to access (free) in any other way. Databases provide systematic, structured information and they are selected by the library staff based on their relevance and quality.

Note: When you are at home or elsewhere outside the premises of your institution, you still have access to
e-journals, databases and e-books.
 There are several ways to get remote access. An explanation of how this works can be found on Greeni - Support - Remote access.

Widely used databases in green higher professional education, listed in alphabetical order:

HBO Kennisbank (open access) Scripties en artikelen (o.a. lectoren) van de hogescholen in Nederland

Nexis Uni (Aeres, HAS & VHL) Archive of (Dutch language) regional and (inter)national daily newspapers and journals

MarketLine Advantage (HAS) Market, branch and business reports. Besides that: country and statistical information

ScienceDirect (Aeres, HAS & VHL) Scientific journal articles in several scientific fields

SpringerLink (Aeres, HAS & VHL) Scientific journal articles in several scientific fields

Wiley (Aeres, HAS & VHL) Scientific journal articles in several scientific fields

A complete overview of databases can be found on Greeni - Information sources - Databases.

Advice: You might find it difficult to get access to full-text articles using the databases or the Library Access browser extension. Although more and more scientific articles are available through open access, you’ll regularly find that a relatively high fee is requested to gain access to a digital article. You can try the tips on the page Search the full-text in order to find (Open Access) articles which are free of charge, or cheaper options.

Click on the next tab for more information about search engines.

The internet has an enormous wealth of information world-wide, therefore, it can be an effective source for finding the right answer to a question. About GoogleYahoo! and Bing you've probably heard, DuckDuckGo is a search engine that is gaining popularity because of the privacy it offers to users.

Good to know

The Internet has a great deal of information, but the trick is to find precisely what you are looking for amid that information explosion. There are a number of tips to help you use search engines as efficiently as possible.

The following ten tips for typing Google searches will enable you to search Google more efficiently. The most important operators and symbols when using a search engine, particularly with Google, include:

  • AND OR ( ) Use capital letters and be careful of the placement of ().
  • filetype:pdf Using lower-case letters without spaces restricts results to PDF documents.
  • “........... When looking up compound search terms like "social history", and sentence segments like "cycling in Limburg".
  • 2010...2014 Without spaces. This provides the approximate publication year.
  • -........... Without spaces. This excludes a word (= the Boolean NOT operator)
  • ~.......... Without spaces. Also look for possible synonyms (e.g. ~navo also provides 'nato').
  • allintitle:........ Without spaces. Searches the title of a website, not the website itself.
  • inurl:........ Without spaces. Search the folder structure, rather than the text (e.g. 'inurl:ikea')

You can also perform advanced searches with search engines, but this way provides fewer options in compared with the advanced search in a database.

Note: Nearly anyone can publish information on the internet without undergoing a thorough editing process. You will have to evaluate the reliability of internet sources yourself. See module 4 for an overview of the evaluation criteria.

DuckDuckGo

A more privacy-friendly alternative to the default search engines is DuckDuckGo, although it does have some limitations. DuckDuckGo performs adequately but especially when it comes to search results in Dutch, it falls short of e.g. Google and does not always find the most relevant search results. However, most of the time it does just fine and therefore Google does not prove to be absolutely necessary.

Those who still want to quickly go to Google can quickly switch from DuckDuckGo to Google by typing !g after the command in DuckDuckGo's search bar. That will then take the search query with it, making it relatively effortless to perform a particular search with Google anyway.

Google Scholar

Google Scholar falls somewhere between a database and a search engine and, therefore, is also referred to as a scientific search engine. In terms of appearance, it resembles the typical Google search engine. A major difference, however, is that the results are limited to searching through scientific literature. By the way, the hits from Google Scholar also appear in the standard Google search, only you will need to search through numerous other hits to find them.

Google Scholar offers a simple method to search scientific literature. The search results are ranked by relevance: the full text of each article is searched while taking into account who the author is, the publication in which the article appears and how often the article has been cited in scientific literature.

Note: If you’re in school and visit Google Scholar, you’re being recognized automatically as a student, which enables you to access many full-text articles by clicking the link "Greeni Full Text". When you are at home or elsewhere off-campus, first of all, make sure you are logged in to your university's network (see remote access) and then go to Google Scholar via the Greeni database list.

You can also set it up in Google Scholar. In Google Scholar, go to 'Settings' from the menu (the three lines icon). Click 'Settings' and go to 'Library links'. Type 'Greeni' in the search box. Click on the search icon, check the selection icon at 'Greeni - online bibliotheek voor het groen hbo - Greeni Full Text' and click 'Save'.

When you go searching for literature in Google Scholar, you will now see a link to the right of some of the search results (see picture below). Click the title to go to the full-text article directly.

Click on the next tab for more information about WUR library.

Of all university libraries the library of Wageningen University & Research connect the most with the education areas of the Green universities of applied sciences. WUR Library can be found as part of the website of Wageningen University & Research and is only in English. Search terms can also be entered in the Dutch.

Externals only have access to all the information resources of the library by visiting the libary. If you can not come to the library of Wageningen University & Research it is possible to search the various sources of information but it is not possible to download all items. WUR Library does have gathered a large number of publications that are freely accessible.

Website WUR Library

The home page provides an overview of the current services provided by the library, with news, courses and recent publications. In the search box you can directly start a simple search in the main search applications. Look at "Databases & Collections" or "Research@WUR" when you are looking for a specific (recommended) journal, database or research output.

Click on "For education" to find out more about the services of these library.

3.2 : Practice