APA guidelines: Audiovisual media reference examples

Author, A. (Publication date). Title [Description]. Publisher.

• In the case of sound recordings that can ONLY be listened to online, e.g. SoundCloud, please also provide the name of the platform, the retrieval date and the URL.
• For music albums, note the artist or group as the author.
• If classical works are mentioned, please mention the name of the composer as the author, the performer(s) in the description and the year in which the composition was published in brackets.
• It is not necessary to mention music platforms such as Spotify or iTunes.

Examples: 

• Music album

Parenthetical citation: (Prokofiev, 1936/2009)
Narrative citation: Prokofiev (1936/2009)

• Single song or track

Parenthetical citation: (Mozart, 1791/1990)
Narrative citation: Mozart (1791/1990)

• Podcast

Host, H. (Host). (Publication date). Title podcast [Audio podcast]. Production Company. Retrieved Month day, year, from http(s)://xxxx

• List the host(s) or presenter(s) of the podcast as the author, with their role in brackets;
• publication date can be one year, a period of several years or a year in the past to the present (2018; 2018-2019; 2020-present);

Parenthetical citation: (Shetty, 2019-present)
Narrative citation: Shetty (2019-present) 

• Podcast episode:

Host, H. (Host). (Publication date). Title of episode(season no., episode no.) [Audio podcast episode]. In Title podcast. Production Company. Retrieved Month day, year, from http(s)://xxxx

• provide the episode number after the titles in parentheses, before the description,
• if data is missing, for example an issue number, the production company or the URL, this information may be omitted.

Parenthetical citation: (Tavernise, 2022)
Narrative citation: Tavernise (2022)

• Always include a description of the medium or format in square brackets after the title. The description is flexible (e.g., a general description such as “[Painting]” or a more specific description such as “[Oil painting]” or “[Oil on canvas]”).
• For untitled artwork, include a description in square brackets instead of a title.
• Provide a link to the artwork on the museum website if available and the retrieval date. 

Author, A. (Year, Month Day). Title [Description]. Name website. Retrieved Month day, year, from http(s)://xxxx

• image under a CC license

In this example, the photographer offers a photo on Flickr with a CC license: the photo may be reused with acknowledgement of the source, not for commercial purposes, and the photo may not be distributed if it has been edited. The source attribution looks as follows:

The CC license requires that in addition to the name of the creator, the link be included that refers to explanations of reuse. This link is displayed in the source citation:

Citation for a document on paper: Cover photo: Herrmann, 2013. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0

Citation for an electronic document: Cover photo: Herrmann, 2013. CC BY-NC-ND 2.0.

See more information on images section Tables & Figures

Author, A. (Publication date). Title map [Description]. Publisher.

• In case of an online map, add the date viewed and the web address.
• As dynamically created maps (e.g. a route in Google Maps) do not have a title, the description is placed in square brackets.

Author, A. (Function). (Publication date). Title of work [Description]. Production Company.

• Provide the director in the author element of the reference, followed by the notation “(Director).”
• If director's name is not given, write down the name of another contributor, for example the presenter, writer or producer. Mention the function in parentheses after the name.
• The description may be followed by a semicolon and an explanation, for example an 'extended edition' or 'director's cut' of a feature film on DVD.
• Provide the production company or companies in the source element of the reference. Separate multiple production companies with a semicolon.

Examples:

• film or movie

Parenthetical citation: (Fleming, 1939)
Narrative citation: Fleming (1939)

• series

Parenthetical citation: (Serling, 1959-1964)
Narrative citation: Serling (1959-1964)

•  Episode of a series

Parenthetical citation: (Attias, 2008)
Narrative citation: Attias (2008)

• YouTube or other video platform: write down the name of the person or organization that uploaded the video as the author, this does not have to be the creator of the video.

Parenthetical citation: (Harvard University, 2019)
Narrative citation: Harvard University (2019)